The second lesson will focus on sensors and actuators—where sensors such as motion or temperature sensors detect changes in the environment, and actuators like LEDs or buzzers respond to those changes. Participants will learn how these components work together with a microcontroller like the ESP32. The session will also introduce AI in IoT (AIoT), showing how artificial intelligence helps IoT devices make smart decisions, like predicting when plants need watering or detecting unusual activity in smart security systems.